大伙知不知道?为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。这种省去句子某些成分而维持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略。关于英文中的省略句，大伙了不了解?今天可以跟着大家一块儿看看。
1、 省略的目的
省略多见于非正式的文体，特别在对话中，省略是一种十分常见的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：
A. 防止重复，降低累赘。
省略的主要为了防止重复，去掉非必须的累赘和繁琐。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二 天要来学校看我，但第二天他并没来学校看我。
-- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但他并没来。
— What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么?
— An apple. 一个苹果。
B. 连接紧密，结构紧凑。
省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞方法。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。
In some places we sTOPped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 大家在有的地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有的地方住在山洞里。
省略：
回答问题要简洁，并列重复需省略。祈使主语常省略，比较than后需省略。宾从表从that勿省略。前后出现同一词，习惯表达需省略。
C.强调重点，突出信息。
省略的另一用途是突出新的信息。
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低，虚伪讲话声太高。
— Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗?
— Not yet. 还没呢。
2、 可省略的成分
省略大致可总结为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。在不少状况下，这两种省略存在着交叉的关系，即有时既是功能词的省略，同时又是语法结构上的省略。
A. 功能词的省略
功能词指的是没完整意义，但有语法意义的词，如冠词、介词、助动词等。英语句子结构的简洁，第一表目前功能词的省略上。
1.冠词的省略
They elected John monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
A man and woman are talking in the office. 办公室一男一女正在谈话。
He could not understand why there was no noise coming from the house, not even the sound of the radio or television. 他不知道为何从屋子里一点响声也没传出来，甚至连收音机和电视机的声音也没。
提示：
在英语新闻标题、告示中，常常省略冠词。
Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中国国家主席强调工人阶级用途
People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园
DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽车在行驶时请不要和司机讲话。
2.代词的省略
I went to the market, bought something useful, and returned home within an hour. 我去了市场，买了点有用的东西，一小时之内就回来了。
They didn't like it, yet said nothing. 他们并不喜欢它，可是什么话也没说。
Doesn't matter. 这不碍事。
Had a good time, didn't you 玩得高兴，是吧?
I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest . 我喜欢你的两只小瓶子，但我不喜欢最小的那一只。
3.连词的省略
We are delighted you can come. 你能来，大家非常高兴。
I believe you will succeed.我相信你们会成功的。
It's a pity he's leaving. 他要走，真遗憾。
4.关系词的省略
I'll give you all I have. 我要把我所有些所有都给你。
He read the book I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
It wasn't I let him in. 不是我放他进去的。
It happened on the day we first met. 这发生在大家第一次见面的那一天。
There is a man wants to see you. 有个人想要见你。
5.助动词的省略
Anyone want a drink 有哪个要喝一杯吗?
Who you think you are 你以为你是哪个?
I got to go now. 我得走了。
6.不定式符号的省略
I hope to finish my job and go back home. 我期望做完事回家。
What we could do was get away.
We did not dare speak. 大家不敢说话。
There is nothing to do but obey the orders. 除去服从命令以外，大家别无他法。
注意：
当两个并列的不定式在乎义上表示对比关系时，后面的不定式一般不省略to。
To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡，这就是问题所在。
It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。
7.介词的省略
He went that way. 他往那边去了。
The two boys are the same age. 这两个男生年龄一样大。
I am in doubt whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意这对不对。
You may come to see me any time between 4 and 5. 你在4点到5点之间随时都可以来见我。
She must have stayed here a long time. 她在这里肯定呆了很长时间了。
必背：
在下列结构中，介词in常常省略。
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事
waste energy doing sth. 浪费精力做某事
have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难
have a good time doing sth. 某事做得很愉快
have a hard time doing sth. 某事做得非常艰难
take turns doing sth. 轮流做某事
It is no use doing sth. 做某事没用
It is no good doing sth. 做某事无益
There is no hurry doing sth. 不必着急做某事
There is no point doing sth. 做某事无意义
There is no use doing sth. 做某事没用
8.引导词there的省略
Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壶里应该有的咖啡的。
Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定有人在等你。
B. 句子成分的省略
为了防止重复，或者为了使某一内容显要注目，可以省略某些句子成分而维持句子原意不变。
1.省略主语
Hope so. 期望这样。
Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。
Take care! 当心!
Looks as if it will rain. 看着像要下雨。
Serves you right. 你活该!
注意：
祈使句主语一般省略。但有时为了明确他们，可加上主语。
You feed the bird today, will you 今天你喂鸟，怎么样?
Somebody answer the phone, please. 请来个人接一下电话。
2.省略谓语
Anything the matter?要紧吗?
Who next 该哪个了?
Just a moment, please. 请等一会儿。
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河非常深，冰非常薄。
We'll do the best we can. 大家将尽力而为。
What we can't get seems better than what we have. 大家得不到的好像要比大家已经得到的要好。
3.省略表语
Are you ready Yes, I am. 你筹备好了吗?我筹备好了。
He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动喜好者。
China has been, and still is, the most populous country in the world. 中国过去是，而且目前还是世界上人口最多的国家。
4.省略宾语
We have to analyze and solve problems. 大家需要剖析问题解决问题。
I struck match after match, but could not light. 我划了一根又一根火柴，但一根也没划着。
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry. 让大家刷碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。
5.省略定语
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的他都存了起来。
6.省略状语
The wisest man cannot know everything. 即便最聪明的人也不可以无所不知。
Mary spoke , and John answered rudely. 玛丽说得粗鲁，约翰答得也粗鲁。
He was not hurt. Strange! 他没受伤，真奇怪!
3、 省略在句子中的运用
在一个句子中，省略可分为依靠上下文省略和不依靠上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
A. 简单句中的省略
1.依靠上下文的省略，在对话中最为常用。
Like more beer 再要素啤酒吗?
— Would you mind if I used your telephone 用一下你的电话，你在意吗?
— Not at all. 一点也不。
— Will he pass this examination他这次考试会通过吗?
— Probably. 大概会的。
提示：
被省略的部分一般可以参考上下文在句子中补上，但有时省略结构已经定型，假如把省略部分补上，反而看上去累赘或不合乎习惯。
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. 1日之计在于晨。
It is now ten to seven. 目前七点十分。
No parking. 禁止停车。
2.不依靠于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 请上船。
What exciting news! 多么让人激动的消息啊!
Sounds like a good idea. 听上去是个好主意。
Everybody appears well prepared. 看着大伙都筹备好了。
B. 并列句中的省略
并列句中假如前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以防止重复。一般被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分。
1.省略出目前后一分句。
John likes collecting stamps but hates listening to music. 约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 有的书是应当尝尝滋味的，有的书是应当吞食下去的，有少数书是应当咀嚼和消化的。
I have been to Beijing and seen the Great Wall. 我到过北京，见到了万里长城。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to . 我请他去看电影，但他不想去。
注意：
为了防止重复，不定式可以省去与句子前面重复的动词原形，但不定式符号to需要保留。
—Will you join in the game 你想参加这项活动吗?
—I'd be glad to . 我非常乐意参加。
I didn't want to go there, but I had to . 我不想去那里，但无法。
2.省略出目前前一分句。
We can , and certainly will, win tomorrow's match. 大家可以，而且必然会在明天的比赛中获胜。
I wished , yet feared to find him. 我又想找到他，又怕找到他。
3.前后两个分句都出现省略。
They can and should pay the full fee. 他们可以也应该支付全部成本。
I'll fly to , but drive back from Guangzhou. 我将飞往广州，但开车回来。
C.复合句中的省略
在主从复合句中，省略的现象是非常常见的。
1.省略主句的句首部分。
Sorry I couldn't go. 非常抱歉，我不可以去。
Nothing more you want to say 你没什么要补充吗?
2.省略整个主句或主句的一部分。
Pity he's failed. 非常遗憾，他失败了。
If he says he'll come, he will . 假如他说来，他就必然会来。
What if it's raining 假如天下雨如何解决?
— Where is it 那东西在哪儿?
— Where you left it. 就在你放的地方。
— How are you getting on with your English 你的英语学得如何?
— Not so well as I expected.没我预计的那样好。
— Will you go abroad soon 你非常快要出国吗?
— Not until I graduate from the college next summer. 要到明年夏季大学毕业后才走。
3.在一些状语从句中，假如谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。
①以when, while, once, until等连词引导的时间状语从句
When in Rome do as Rome does. 入国问禁，入乡随俗。
Whenever possible, you should speak English as much as you can. 在任何可能的时间，你应多讲英语。
Please come as soon as possible. 请尽快来。
注意：
由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词。
The old machine must be checked before it is used. 这台旧机器在用前需要检查。
【误】The old machine must be checked before used.
【正】The old machine must be checked before being used.
He told me the truth after he was asked three times. 问了他三遍他才告诉我真相。
【误】He told me the truth after asked three times.
【正】He told me the truth after being asked three times.
②以as if, as though等连词引导的方法状语从句
She lay there, as if dead. 她躺在那儿，仿佛去世了。
He opened his lips as if to say something. 他张开嘴唇，仿佛要怎么说话似的。
③以if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句
We shall start at eight, if convenient. 假如便捷的话，大家八点钟出发。
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences, if any. 假如下面句子中有错，请加以改正。
English words are easily forgotten unless constantly repeated. 英语单词不常常重复是比较容易忘记的。
④以even if, even though, though, although, whether等连词引导的让步状语从句
Frost is possible, though not probable, even at the end of May. 甚至在5月底下霜也是可能的，虽然可能性不太大。
Whether difficult or not, we will try our best to complete the task. 不管任务是不是艰巨，大家都要尽力去完成。
Whatever the cause , the result is certain. 不论缘由是什么，结果是确定的。
Though young, he knows a lot. 他虽然年轻但了解不少。
提示：
在这种从句中，假如be是助动词，后面跟着目前分词或过去分词，只须主语和从句中的主语相同，也可以把从句中的主语和助动词be省略掉。
He hurt his leg while riding a horse. 他在骑马时伤了腿。
When cycling, don't forget the traffic lights. 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
once seen, it can never be forgotten. 一旦看见，就从来不会忘记。
If burnt, rubber can give off a poisonous gas. 橡胶假如燃烧起来，会发出有毒气体。
4.在比较从句中一般把和主句重复的部分省掉。
①省略谓语的全部
James enjoys the theatre more than Susan. 詹姆斯比苏姆更喜欢戏剧。
Tom has as many books as Jack. 汤姆有跟杰克一样多的书。
②省略主语和谓语的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. 布朗说法语和英语一样流利。
She was more angry than frightened. 与其说她害怕，倒不如说她生气。
③省略表语部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks. 怀特夫人没看起来那样年轻。
The situation is much more delicate than it seems. 状况要比表面上看着微妙得多。
④省略主语和谓语的大多数，保留状语
He is working harder than before. 他目前工作比过去努力多了。
There are as many students in our school as in their school. 大家学校的学生和他们学校的学生一样多。
⑤省略主语
He drank a little more than was good for him. 他喝酒稍有一点过量。
⑥省略宾语
You spent more money than I had expected. 你花掉的钱比我预料的多。
I was able to borrow as many books as I asked for. 我想要的很多书如数借到。
⑦省略从句的全部
You are getting slimmer. 你愈加苗条了。
It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly. 不只只不过瞎子才犯这样愚蠢的错误。有时，双眼看得见的人也做出同样的蠢事。
注意：
在这种句子中，被省略的部分大部分是不表示出来的。假如把省略部分补上，反而不合乎习惯。
He is taller than I am. 他比我高。
5.主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。
The sooner , the better . 越快越好。
No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获。
C. 用替代词的省略
大家在省略句子某些成分时，有时还需要加上适合的替代词，如do, so, one等，以维持句子意思的完整。
do用来代替动词或动词加其他成分。
I know you better than he does. 我比他更知道你。
--- Have you finished your work
--- Yes, I did yesterday.
so在expect, think, imagine, hope, suppose, believe等词后面，代替单词、词组或句子。
She became a loyal friend to me and remains so. 她成了我的一个忠诚的朋友，而且一直这样。
--- Has she ever been to London 她曾到过伦敦吗
--- I don't think so. 我想她没去过。
提示：
也可用do so, do that来代替动词加宾语。
He said he would make the bed for me but he didn't do so. 他说他帮我整理床铺的，但他没如此做。
They played cards after supper and I watched them do that. 他们晚饭后打麻将，我在旁边观看。
not代替否定的句子，使用方法和so相似。
--- Will it rain tomorrow 明天会下雨吗
--- I hope not. 我期望不会。
--- Can you come next week 你下星期能来吗
--- I'm afraid not. 恐怕我不可以来。
same
the same可代替词组或从句。
The mother swept the floor and her child did the same. 妈妈扫地, 孩子也跟着干。
Kate ordered two fried eggs. I ordered the same. 凯特征了两个煎鸡蛋，我也点了同样的菜。
These oranges are just as sour as the last ones we had. They taste the same. 这类桔子和大家上次吃的一样酸。他们味道一样。
one是不定代词，常用来代替可数名词。其复数形式是ones。
I haven't got any books; can you lend me one 我没书，你能借我一本吗
The white dresses go with the hat better than the blue ones. 白色套装比蓝色套装更配这顶帽子。
口语中常见的省略句。
Up to you!你说了算!
Believe me. 相信我。
Give me a hand. 帮我一下。
Doesn't matter. 没关系。
Me too. 我也一样。
Not yet. 还没。
Too bad! 太糟糕啦!
Mind you!当心!
Where to 要到哪里?
Sure, no problem. 当然，没问题。
That much 太贵了吧?
Get lost! 滚开!
So that explains it. 原来是这样
Too strange to be true! 太奇怪了，虚假。
See what I mean 知道我的意思吗?
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